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LEUPHANA HAS PUBLISHED UPDATED ON THE USE OF AI - TOOLS. PLEASE FOLLOW THIS LINK TO READ THE UNIVERSITY'S OFFICIAL POLICIES.

Note: AI is intended to imitate human intelligence, but it always involves machine learning. If you would like to learn more about the principles that AI-based applications, you can visit the virtual ➚ AI Campus. In this wiki, the focus is on scientific work and writing.

Using AI in different phases of text production

AI-based applications, or AI tools for short, can be used, in various ways, to support all phases of text production.

Note: Even if you do use AI to support your writing, you are always responsible for everything said in your text. It is very tempting to simply accept the suggestions without checking them. This is especially true for multilingual writing: If you feel a little unsure about a language, you would rather "believe" a machine than yourself. Please be honest with yourself about this. AI short-cuts might be adventageous in the short-term, but please consider what this will do to you, your judgment and your skills development in the long term if you grow too dependent up AI.

In the discovery phase, AI tools can stimulate idea generation and development, expand literature research and help gain an overview of the field of work.
In the writing phase, AI tools can be used to provide suggestions for phrasing and sentence structure.
In the revision phase, AI can reformulate, re structure or checked parts of your text. Checking spelling, punctuation and grammar is already integrated in word processing programs. You can also use AI-based tools to do text translations. However, we recommend caution when using AI for these purposes, due to concerns of academic integrity.

Tip: The poster "AI tools for Scientific Research and Writing Processes" provides a first impression of which tools can be used in which phases.

AI and Exams

Universities are intensely debating whether, and if so, how and for what purposes can/should AI tools be used by students. Students typically write papers because they need their final grade. AI tools are technically considered aids. And as with any other exam, teachers can set the conditions under which aids they may use to complete an exam. However, not all AI tools are the same, and the way, where and how they can be used in the work process is so diverse that there is no simple solution. Against this background, Leuphana provides ➚ "Conditions and recommendations for the use of AI-based applications in teaching and examinations."

Note: The aim of these recommendations is primarily to create transparency in the use of AI tools in teaching and examinations. Only in this way can we create trust between teachers and students when it comes to AI.

Because: The quality of this technology, which has been on the market since 2022, is so new that everyone involved is in a trial phase. There are no secure and established procedures on how AI should be handled in teaching and examinations. Technology is also developing so rapidly that it isn't possible to always recognize all the innovations, let alone integrate them into classroom settings.

We propose three options for using AI for teaching and examinations.

Option 1: No restrictions on the use of AI-based tools.
Option 2: The use is permitted or excluded for certain text production activities.
Option 3: Fundamental ban on the use of AI-based tools, as they counteract the achievement of teaching and learning goals.

How should use of Ai be documented during exams? To answer this question, we have created the document "Documenting AI use in the study context. Notes and working materials" in cooperation with several universities in Lower Saxony. The document is primarily aimed at teachers, as teachers must decide which form of documentation they consider suitable for their course. This document is available at https://doi.org/10.48548/pubdata-1476.

AI and Declarations of Authorship

Students are obliged to complete examinations independently. Every written examination (written academic work without supervision) must be accompanied by a declaration of authorship. The basis for this declaration has been established by the Framework Examination Regulations (RPO), which stipulate that you must cite the sources and aids used. AI tools are an aid. However, there are (as yet) no universal rules on how evidence of their use should be provided, as the requirements for each exam is context-specific. Students and teachers should agree upon AI use to avoid uncertainties and create transparency. Therefore, Leuphana does not provide a separete declaration of authorship for cases where AI has been used. Nevertheless, you must state clearly, which AI software you used, and how you used it.

Leuphana students can use the following declaration, regardless of whether they used AI:

Declaration of Authorship
I hereby certify that I have written this thesis (in the case of a group thesis, your part of the thesis should be marked accordingly) independently and have not used any sources or aids other than those specified. I have correctly cited all passages that I have quoted or paraphrased. I have not yet submitted the thesis in the same or a similar form for any other course or examination authority.
Location, Date
Signature

Further reading: A short excursion into independence

AI and Writing: Tools

ChatGPT

Academia has not yet created clear guidelines for the use of ChatGPT (and other similar AI-tools). However, we are already recognizing the benefits and drawbacks. First thing to know: you must properly cite an attribute any work / suggestions that came from ChatGPT. If you have ChatGPT write your paper for you, you are robbing yourself of a learning experience and disrespecting the university staff, your fellow students, and the culture of academia. As a university student, you are learning to explain and define your ideas through writing. Asking ChatGPT to do this for you is unethical.

However, you can ethically use AI to support your writing process. For example, if you are struggling to properly cite a source, you can ask ChatGPT to tell if your citation is correct and has all the required information. When you are brainstorming a paper topic, you can ask ChatGPT to generate a list of potential ideas. Or you can copy and paste a sentence into ChatGPT to ask if you are using an unfamiliar word correctly.

Source: Bin-Nashwan, S. A., Sadallah, M., & Bouteraa, M. (2023). Use of ChatGPT in academia: Academic integrity hangs in the balance. Technology in Society, 75, 102370

Citing ChatGPT in the APA format

Information from a conversation with ChatGPT or a similar AI-tool is considered to be a 'personal communication' because your readers are unable to access the same information.

In-text citation format for a personal communication: (Author, personal communication, Date), therefore, when using ChatGPT (OpenAI, Personal Communication, July 10, 2024). The APA guidelines states that personal communications do not need to be listed in the bibliography, therefore, this citation will only appear in the text, but not in your reference list.

Chatpdf (should Dagmar write this section, since she's been studying this)

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Grammarly

Grammarly is a Ukrainian-founded grammar and spell-check software. Grammarly can review your spelling, grammar, punctuation, (and in the premium version) clarity, engagement, and delivery. You can adapt Grammarly to a desired style, tone, or context-specific language. It can also detect some types of plagiarism. When using the Premium version of Grammarly, we advice students to use their own judgement regarding suggested changes. When you allow AI to alter your words, the words are no longer your own. Not every AI-based suggestion is a good suggestion. When you do use Grammarly to correct your texts, you must cite it.

APA citation for Grammarly: Grammarly. (2024). Grammarly (Version 1.5) [Grammar and spell checking software]. Grammarly Inc. https://www.grammarly.com

Leuphana pays for ten student subscriptions to Grammarly Premium which students may use for two weeks upon request. (However, as of June 15, 2024, the subscription was inaccessible due to legal reasons. Check the website for updates.)

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Writing